CONCORDANCE

1. to guide herself about the house, and to do a good deal
2. who told me all this about my poor mother, long after her
3. did not often think about him, she had fallen so
4. get from the people about the farm, who hardly waited
5. of work, may be, about the farm. And he would take
6. and kept he with him about the farm. Gregory was made
7. when I was about sixteen, and Gregory nineteen
8. an errand to a place about seven miles distant by the road
9. by the road, but only about four by the Fells. He bade me
10. I tried to move about, but I dared not go far, for fear
11. spirits of the Fells, about whom I had heard so many
12. feared that, in moving about just now, I have lost the right
13. has gotten ought about thee they’ll know at borne?’ I
14. still, and again about our mother, when I fell asleep
15. were many voices about me—many faces hovering
16. when all were running about in wild alarm, not knowing
17. … I – stocked house, not above half an hour’s walk from
18. that might not be above his comprehension. I think he

INSTRUCTION:

1. Put number in the lines
2. look at the words about
3. read more about preposition
4. state the various about and above and the function

Analyzing the word

A preposition is a word which is used before a noun or pronoun to show its relation to some other word in the sentence. There are common of preposition which is preposition of time, place, direction/movement, manner and purpose.

1. herself (pronoun) about (preposition) the house(noun)= Preposition of place
2. this(determiner) about (preposition) my (pronoun) = Preposition of manner
3. think(verb) about (preposition) him(pronoun) = Preposition of manner
4. the people(noun) about (preposition) the farm(noun) = Preposition of place
5. may be(verb) about (preposition) the farm(noun) = Preposition of place
6. him(pronoun)about (preposition) the farm(noun) = Preposition of place
7. was(verb) about (preposition) sixteen(number)= Preposition of time
8. a place(noun)about (preposition)seven miles(number) = Preposition of direction
9. only(adverb) about (preposition) four (number) = Preposition of direction
10. move(verb) about (preposition) but (conjunction) = Preposition of direction
11. Fells(noun) about (preposition) whom(wh-question) = Preposition of place
12. moving(verb) about (preposition) just now(adverb) = Preposition of manner
13. Ought(verb) about (preposition) thee(noun) = Preposition of manner
14. again(adverb) about (preposition) our(pronoun) = Preposition of manner
15. voices(noun) about (preposition) me(pronoun) = Preposition of manner
16. running(verb) about (preposition) in(preposition) = Preposition of manner
17. not(verb) about (preposition) half an hour’s walk(time) = Preposition of time
18. be(verb) about (preposition) his(pronoun) = Preposition of manner



Reference:

Nandy. 2005. Mastering English the Easy Way. 2nd printing. Selangor: Pelanduk Publications (M) Sdn. Bhd.

1st printing 2000 Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

THIRD POSTING

THE IMPACT OF USING ICT FOR BUSINESS


In this week, I have made a research about information and communication technology (ICT) for business. What is exactly ICT? ICT is the information technologies which have been growing at an astonishing speed. The latest figures show that Internet usage in North America alone is 68.6% of its population with a growth of 110.4% taken from 2000 Internet World stat, 2006. This assignment need me reviewed in various forms including journal papers and thesis which have been peer-reviewed in online database, as well as other resources such as website. Using information and communications technology (ICT) firms are typically subject to the same market forces as other firms, there are some forces, such as network effects, that may be particularly important in determining their financing patterns. ICT also play a critical role in all growth strategies, from helping to achieve results to coping with the expanded scale of the organization. It improves productivity by enabling communication, collaboration, and knowledge sharing that allows employees to innovate. The use of ICT and technology has affected every aspect of business, transforming not only the way that business is conducted but also creating new business sectors and jobs. For example, the creation of companies like Google and e-Bay which did not exist 10 years ago, was only made possible by advances in technology and the changes that this has created in the way that people behave (currently Google is valued at £44billion – Source BBC 5TH June 05). The effects such as marketing, finance, out of office working, and networks.


The first effect is marketing, it is the use of websites has allowed companies to develop new and cheaper ways of reaching new markets, offering customers the opportunity of buying goods and services whenever they want and often at reduced cost, whilst also enhancing the level of customer service. This means, it has been coupled with the expansion and use of e-mails which again has been used by business to market their goods and services directly to potential customers, as well as communicating with existing customers and suppliers. It also increasingly the marketing campaigns of businesses include the use of technologies such as Contact Management Systems that allows them to co-ordinate, monitor and report on various aspects of their marketing campaigns in new ways making these campaigns more targeted and effective. Furthermore, The Department Trade and Industry which helped fund the research, says that it shows how e-commerce brings positive benefits across a range of sectors when used for procurement, and in distribution sectors for e-selling. The conclusion for the research also shows significant productivity gains when employees use computers and have access to the Internet. It means computer gives many benefits for the marketing and the industries.


Another effect is finance, which are practically all companies now use software programs Sage or Excel to manage their accounts. This means, they has allowed them to look at financial information when required, monitor and respond to their customers purchasing patterns by offering discounts and overall improve the management of their finances. The result of this has been for many companies a reduction in their accountancy fees. According to science direct information claim that equity finance as important for smaller ICT firms as the anecdotal evidence for larger firms suggest? What are the critical factors in setting the leverage ratio of a small technology-intensive business? Are they different for an ICT firm? Why are these questions important? According to (Baker et, 2003) state that for one particular reason: ‘equity-dependence' exposes firms to non-fundamental movements in stock prices, suggesting that the ability of such firms to invest is sensitive to fluctuations in stock market sentiments. Should the market sentiments reflect a type of inefficiency (and should managers act in the interest of their stockholders), the investment behavior of equity-dependent firms would be less efficient than that of other firms. Furthermore, the received corporate finance literature suggests that the nature of a firm's assets is a primary determinant of the firm's leverage ratio (and thus its equity-dependence). According to Net Impact 2004 stated that technical decision-makers what business goals they had been asked to achieve with their technology investments. And which outcomes they believed technology would be most able to affect.


Besides that, impact of using ICT for business is out of office working. For many businesses the need for staff to be away from the office attending meetings and many more or to be based in another geographical location has grown alongside employee demands for more flexible working patterns. However, to be more effective communication and ability to access information, it remains critical to the productivity of these staff members. Therefore through the use of technology many companies now use a range of technologies to enable this. These include mobile phones, e-mail, broadband, laptops, and others. Thus, ensuring that companies are able to be flexible and adaptive depending on their business needs. In addition, using ICT can takes place much more quickly and efficiently time, energy and many more. It also can altered the price at any time simply be entering the new price against its bar code on the computer database. There is much less chance of human error when performing calculations and handling money. Moreover, less paperwork needs to be stored and information can be retrieved more easily. Cash does not have to change hands, reducing the opportunity for theft. In addition, ICT equipment is very expensive to purchase and maintain. If it breaks down there could be major problems continuing normal business.


Last but not least, another impact on business is a network. It showed virtually all businesses now have or have access to a computer. The existence of two or more computers in an office almost always leads to the creation of a network. The main advantage of doing so is that resources can be shared for instance printers, internet access, files or information can be managed and shared amongst workstations and the security of information can be better managed through a network. Increasingly networks are not just confined to the office but are being adopted and this make them allow home or remote working that supports changing business needs. While the ICT sector is subject to the same market forces as every other industry there are some forces, such as network effects, that may be particularly important in determining the financing patterns of ICT firms. We conjecture and provide supporting evidence that these forces increase the equity-dependence of the ICT firms. This transformation has really taken place over the last 20 years and continues to transform the way business is done. No business today can ignore the use of technology as its effective use helps businesses to remain competitive and profitable, thereby creating or safeguarding jobs. ICT is needed in every sector, especially in business for their network into the global area.


In conclusion, from the research there is a relationship between ICT usages in business. And it has provided some valuable information on the ICT adoption in business. As mentioned earlier, it can developing new business in new business sectors made possible by advances in technology; ensuring that businesses by effectively using technology are competitive both locally and globally; ensuring that businesses have the necessary information and support to develop into new markets; enabling businesses to become more flexible and responsive to the demands of their customers and their staff; developing a workforce with the necessary skills that are demanded in the present and future labour market. Hopefully, ICT in business can grow more effectively and gives more benefits for us in that particular way.


References:

http://web.ebscohost.com.ezplib.ukm.my/ehost/pdf
http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezplib.ukm.my/science
http://www.sciencedirect.environment/
http://www.allcovered.com/business/growing-business.asp
http://www.netimpactstudy.com/pdf/NetImpact_043.pdf
http://www.jiti.com/vo5/jiti_v5n1.005-014.pdf

SECOND POSTING

COMPUTER ASSISTED WRITING

On this week, i will show you about computer assisted writing. Computer is a very important to our live especially to assist us in our writing. Various methods have been proposed to make teaching more effective and attractive. One of the latest additions to the currently practiced delivery methods is online writing. Online writing is proponents of the various writing models endorse writing as an ongoing, multi-stage process, with equal emphasis given to each of the stages. Online writing is means, computer as a tool, and the most common use of computer is used for practice in writing for instance; word processor's usefulness is unparalleled. Writing researchers have long advised that the key to fluent writing is to write as much as possible. The key to exact writing is to revise repeatedly.

As a tool for practice in writing, the word processor has helped realize the advantages offered in process writing. Rewriting and revising are allowed to be the cognitive processes they should be, rather than being dominated by the mechanical aspects of actually putting words down on paper. Students like us can learn to approach our writing errors from a different point of view by struggling to understand what causes problem phrases, sentences, or paragraphs. Besides revising and editing, another benefit of using a word processor is that multiple copies can be printed for reading in peer-editing groups. And final copies can be displayed on a writing bulletin board or in a collection of writings, and the disadvantage because of poor handwriting will not appear. At last the additional benefit to the student is having an audience other than the teacher.

Furthermore, when you use computer to assist you, it will make easier and simpler to learn and it still have useful features yet may be sufficient for many learners. Some writers, especially young writers, will make only those changes that do not require copying, regardless of how much the revision would improve their compositions. There are common use of computer assisted writing such as online library, blog, electronic mail (e-mail), bulletin board, online chat, online diary and many more.

In addition, website Pearson Education gives us many benefits in use online writing. This website for online library, the URL is http://www.pearson.com/.This product provides online assessment and regular practice throughout the school year to measure student progress and improve writing performance. It is automated evaluation tool examines student writing in context not simply grammatical correctness, spelling or other surface elements, and provides scoring that aligns with many rubrics. Other features include rapid online reporting and easy-to-understand visual feedback to connect to connect instruction to student achievement. Apart from that, you can give the comment on the reader opinion after that you can submit it. Moreover, website http://www.eliteskills.com/ also gives the same function. This website invites us for writings poems, poetry, and others. In this website also includes about comments. You can gives comments and get the comments from this websites.

A blog is a website where entries are commonly displayed in reverse chronological order. "Blog" can also be used as a verb, meaning, to maintain or add content to a blog and many more. Blogs is usefulness and provide us with commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images, and links to other blogs, web page and other media related to its topic. The ability for readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important part of many blogs.

Furthermore, a blog is also one of the examples that serve as a publicly accessible personal journal for an individual. Blogging too has brought interest in people to write. According to Ward (2004: 8) state that “students are excited about writing again because the whole world is watching their words and not just their writing teacher”. This shows when you use online writing you can get response to immediate feedback from others who viewed the blog and give the comment on your blog.

According to Osterman and Kottkamp (2004) claim that has been said about journals and journaling is applicable to blogs and for the purpose of this study, the researcher will employ the literature on journals and journal writing to refer to blogs and blogging and the terms are used interchangeably. Osterman and Kottkamp (2004) also describe a journal as one form of narrative writing often associated with reflective practice. They reiterate that while “journaling may facilitate reflective practice, the mere act of writing entries does not necessarily engage the writer in full cycle of reflective practice” (Osterman & Kottkamp, 2004: 52).

Another example of assisted writing is e-mail message, which is a communication to send a message to somebody by computer. This communication can be asynchronous which allows each participant to compose messages at their time and pace. It also allows not only one-to-one communication, instead also one-to-many to share a message with a small group, the whole class, or international discussion list of hundreds or thousand of people.

Apart from that, bulletin board is also one of the example computer assisted writing. For instance, you can search the example of bulletin board on the URL http://www.editingwebwizforums.com/. In this website, any viewer can write their own content and may use it how and where they want. In addition, this section you can shares all content with everyone is building the commons. This ensures that your valuable efforts on this website continue to benefit the commons long into the future.

Besides that, online chat is the primary use of a chat room is to share information with a group of other user by text mode. However, now new technology has enabled to use graphic representation and video such as web cam. Chat rooms usually have the rules that they require users to follow the order for keep everyone feeling safe and comfortable. For general chat rooms rules are respect each other an hosts, do not use offensive language, or to promote hate e-mail, violence and other negative issues, no personal insults to others, no flaming others, no advertising and flooding.

Nowadays, online diary is a common use in computer assisted writing. It is a simple but powerful web-based online diary service, enabling everyone to keep their diaries and web blogs on the internet, password protected and safe from physical damage. There are two services available, a free version and a Gold version. You are able to upload unlimited images, create your own web blog designs, and set e-mail alarms amongst other benefits.

An online diary (or web blog) can be understood in many ways and take many forms. Whilst it is generally accepted among experienced internet users to be a chronological log of somebody's personal journal, online diaries are used as technical journals, public notice boards, publishing media in their own right, teaching tools for study groups, contact points for traveling professionals, writing tools for aspiring playwrights and even just for a good old moan.

In brief, computer assisted writing give basic skills practice, and be used as an educational reward for students. It also gives the material presented so that students will remain interested yet not lose valuable instruction time trying to figure out how to operate the program. During this program, teacher who functions as a facilitator will ensure that students are engage in the task on the online module, initiate discussion board and chat room and give feedback to individual students who pose question or comments in the discussion and chat room. The feedback can either be given during the on-site hours or via e-mails or folders, which are created for each student and facilitator. Last but not least, computer assisted writing is a very usefulness for everyone not just for students only, it make us can communicate with others and helps us in grammar, spelling and many more. It makes easier as ABC. Hope you will enjoy use computer assisted writing in your daily live.

The examples of URL in assisted writing:

1) URLs of blogging

http://www.blogger.com/
http://wordpress.com/

2) URLs bulletin board system

http://editingwebwizforums.com/
http://www.amazon.com/tag/software
http://www.friendster.com/

3) URLs of online diary

http://www.onlinediary.net/support.php

4) URLs online chat

http://www.userplan.com/directory/index

5) URLs for finding info (online library)

http://www.question.com/Index.jsp

Resources:

Nuraihan Mat Daud & Ainol Mardziah Zubairi. 2006. Online Teaching and Learning inELT. Online and Offline Writing Course. Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti SainsMalaysia.

Suhaila Sulong & Ridwan Wahis. 2006. Online Teaching and Learning inELT. Use of Computer in an ESL Writing Class. Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Vethamani, M.E. Online Teaching and Learning in ELT. Blogging and Trainee Teachers'Professional Development. Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia

the Valley live Refreshed at SERI ALAM

ELECTRONIC GAMES

Sleuth Game

(http://shades.playsleuth.com/detective/new3.spy)

I had played a game which is called as a sleuth game. In this game, you need to be as a detective and had been to investigate about cruel murder. Sleuth game teaches the player how to solve a problem and make them to think deeply. It is a challenging game and suitable for teenagers and adults. By playing this game, it slowly helps to progress up the skill levels to gradually improve your vocabulary, grammar, and so on. Here I already put some information about Sleuth game.

Sleuth (Shades of Mystery) is an open-ended, detective role playing game (RPG) where you solve mysteries by searching for clues, questioning suspects and interviewing witnesses. Every mystery is unique with different victims, suspects and clues. All mysteries are solvable, in fact there are always multiple ways to solve any single mystery, but player skill and a small amount of luck are necessary to nab the guilty suspect. In addition, I already include the URL of sleuth that might you to find and play this game; you will find it on this website http://shades.playsleuth.com/detective/new3.spy.

There are many steps that you must follow to solve this game. Firstly, choose a background for your detective. Every detective comes from somewhere. What's your story? The background you choose will affect the skills and contacts that your detective starts her career. Then, freelance investigative report. This means, you should trained as a writer and a journalist, your real talent has always been in getting to the bottom of things other people want to keep covered up. Your blunt writing has earned you the ire of the editors of all the papers in town, so you're not selling many stories these days. Luckily for you, your ability to get to find the ugly truth will serve you well in your new life as a detective. Next, detective background, your detective's background affects the skills and contacts your detective will begin his or her career with. These in turn affect how you play the game. After that, detective name and password, it shows sleuth detectives are persistent. You can stop playing in the middle of a case one day, and come back the next day to pick up right where you left off. This means you need to assign your detective a name and password so that you can access the account the next time you play Sleuth.

As a player, there are some guides to solve this game. You solve a case by accusing the guilty suspect. There is always exactly one in every case. Here the three rules you should keep in mind when determine which suspect is guilty: Firstly, you must find a suspect's motive to accuse them. Second, the guilty suspect will always have a fake alibi or no alibi. Lastly, the guilty suspect will have at least 3 stars of implicating evidence.

In short, sleuth Game is a good game and will improve you in vocabulary, grammar, spelling, and many more. And this game need you to solve mysteries by searching for clues questioning suspects and interviewing witnesses. Every mystery is unique with different victims, suspects and clues. I hope with this game you will enjoy it. Good luck and happy sleuthing.

Nature of Online User

Properties of electronic text.

http://www.eslcafe.com/

As properties of electronic text, there were elements of plasticity due of when you click to the link in the website, then you will be able to copy and paste in Microsoft word document. Here you can altered, remodeled and combined the text or images that you have record. Links also available in this website, link is a hypertext that when you click on that text there will be picture coming out. Besides that, tagging is also available in this website instead of, once you click a word to the search engine, it will appear varieties of choices that we can choose from. There were searchers available in this website such as the search engine itself where the user can search by click at the searchers and it will done to user as quickly as it did. Another element is a frame and material templates at the left side of the homepage. Moreover, there were footprints in this website which is the internet browsers can keep records sites that we visited, for instance history. Therefore, we can trace anyone who was visited that sites. And you can copy and saved it. Finally, there was virtuality for user for having discussion forums where as a user everyone can communicate live with the others, sharing, distributing, that can viewed by any user.

http://www.englishpage.com/

In this particular website, there were element of plasticity, where you can alter, remodeled, copy and paste and you can also combined the fixed previously record to word processor. In addition, in this website there were a lot of exercises and learning activities such as noun, grammar, verb, vocabulary and so on. Besides that, links are also provided in this website, for instance once you click to one of the text, and it will go to another website. There were links for students and teachers. Apart from that, there were elements of virtuality in this website as it provides information that can be updated automatically. This website, can make any user to communicate each other. Moreover, there were searchers are available in this website, which is the user can type any words to search for it. The templates like the frame and material are also in this website which is at the left side of the homepage. Footprints that are kept in history for safety purpose are also available in this website. Last but not least, the elements of tagging also available in this website as we can click to certain hypertext and it will bring us to another site and make you more easier to look for information.

FIRST POSTING

COMPUTERIZED READING

Computers have affected almost every part of our everyday lives, ranging from the labor market to personal activities. Directly or indirectly, the use of computers at school or university, as well as at home will impact learning and this trend will most likely continue into the future. By the time these youth enter the labor force, ICT literacy might no longer be a specialized skill (except for specific applications), but rather a necessary one for a successful career. However, it has been increasingly argued that computer technologies can support learning in a number of ways.

There are several types of computerized reading, based on reading activities, which are reading comprehension, restructuring of texts, matching or jigsaw reading, problem solving and new mode-computerized reading. Here, my partner, Nurhuda Bt Mohamad Nazri and I will explain about the computerized reading based on this website http://www.eslcafe.com/ . From our view, the types of computerized reading that were found in this website are mixture of incidental reading where all texts on screen, whether oriented towards reading or not, reading the text for real purpose, instruction type of reading, information reading, operational tasks and activity completion.

Many features of this website are considered to enhance reading comprehension skill, and multimedia is one of them. Multimedia refers to computer-based systems that use various types of content, such as texts, audios, videos, graphics, animations, and interactivity. The key concepts of multimedia are thus 'computer-based' and 'interactive'.

Besides that, this website is very interactive and can illustrate a concept through attractive animation, sound, and demonstration. It allows students to progress at their own pace and work individually or problem solve in a group. Apart from that, it provides immediate feedback, thus letting students know whether their answer is correct. If the answer is not correct, the program shows students how to answer the question correctly.


Apart from that, this website also offers a different type of activity and a change of pace from teacher-led or group instruction. Besides, the contents capture the students’ attention because the programs are interactive and engage the students’ spirit of competitiveness to increase their scores.

In addition, this website also allows students to feel more relax as they are directly facing the monitor instead of the whole class when answering the given task. Moreover, students will feel more comfortable and open to accept any mistakes or errors throughout the whole learning process, as the learning process is between the students themselves and the computer. This creates a non-threatening environment where the students lower their affective filter and hopefully more learning takes place.

Another advantage of using this website is that it provides authentic materials. Exploring the internet is like exploring the real world. Students will be able to listen, speak and read authentic materials that are essential for the learning of the language. To further illustrate, a discussion forum provided in this website will allow students to engage in real-life, authentic discussion. Students are able to communicate with first language speakers as well as second language speakers around the world. Students will be able to learn how to better express themselves, extract important ideas from the readings, and improve their language skill.

To conclude, multimedia is a great instructional component not only for vocabulary instruction, but also for reading comprehension. The positive effect that multimedia has on reading comprehension comes from the great advantage that online readers have over traditional printed readers: the possibility to enhance computerized texts with glosses in multimedia format. This is probably the reason why most studies dedicated to a computer-based approach to reading have focused on the usefulness of glosses in different formats to increase reading comprehension. The effects of multimedia-aided reading could create more proficient readers by offering a choice of various types of glosses to develop better vocabularies, greater background knowledge surrounding the text, and more effective reading strategies.